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...balanced and well informed...a striking piece of scholarship aimed at demythologizing the origins of the Ethiopian Falasha.
-Foreign Affairs
Kaplan's definitive treatment will be of interest to students and scholars of Jewish history, African history, and comparative religion, as well as anyone interested in Jewish affairs and the modern Middle East.
The Midwest Book Review
Kaplan's conceptualizations are judicious and clearly expressed...incisive and well documented... and provides essential background for the process of assimilation now taking lace in Israel.
-The International Journal of African Historical Studies
Kaplan's able interdisciplinary approach is of great value for persons interested in religion, civilization, and process of change.
-Religious Studies Review
Kaplan's well-written, lucid presentation make[s] this important, competent contribution accessible to all levels of readers. Highly recommended.
Choice
Insightful and thorough, a welcome contribution.Kay Kaufman Shelemay, Professor of Music, Harvard University
Undoubtedly the most detailed, most scholarly, and most dispassionate argument of Falasha history hitherto published. [T]his work deserves ... the most careful study by all those (and in particular in Israel) who have any practical or scholarly connection with the Beta Israel.
-- Edward UllendorffEmeritus Professor of Ethiopian Studies, University of LondonFellow of the British Academy
Given Kaplan's facility with both written and oral sources, he is in a unique position to synthesize and reconcile the new historical findings of ethnographers with the written sources and differing conclusions of earlier historians and linguists. His work is insightful and thorough, a welcome contribution.
-- Kay Shelemay, Wesleyan University
The origin of the Black Jews of Ethiopia has long been a source of fascination and controversy. Their condition and future continues to generate debate. The culmination of almost a decade of research, The Beta Israel (Falasha) in Ethiopia marks the publication of the first book-length scholarly study of the history of this unique community.
In this volume, Steven Kaplan seeks to demythologize the history of the Falasha and to consider them in the wider context of Ethiopian history and culture. This marks a clear departure from previous studies which have viewed them from the external perspective of Jewish history. Drawing on a wide variety of sources including the Beta Israel's own literature and oral traditions, Kaplan demonstrates that they are not a lost Jewish tribe, but rather an ethnic group which emerged in Ethiopia between the 14th and 16th century. Indeed, the name, Falasha, their religious hierarchy, sacred texts, and economic specialization can all be dated to this period. Among the subjects the book addresses are their links with Ethiopian Christianity, the medieval legends concerning their existence, their wars with the Ethiopian emperors, their relegation to the status of a despised semi-caste, their encounters with European missionaries, and the impact of the Great Famine of 1888-1892.
Kaplan's definitive treatment will be of interest to students and scholars of Jewish history, African history, and comparative religion, as well as anyone interested in Jewish affairs and the modern Middle East.
- Sales Rank: #1696053 in Books
- Brand: Brand: NYU Press
- Published on: 1995-01-01
- Released on: 1995-01-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x .62" w x 6.00" l, .81 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 246 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
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About the Author
Dr. Steven Kaplan is Senior Lecturer in Comparative Religion and African Studies and Chair of the African Studies Department at Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is the author of The Beta Israel (Falasha) in Ethiopia: From Earliest Times to the Twentieth Century, also published by New York University Press.
Most helpful customer reviews
8 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
Ignorance and superstition cleared away by bracing scholarship
By Werner Cohn
The study of this book proved to be a distinct pleasure. It was exciting to see Kaplan clear away the accretions of ignorance and superstition about Ethiopian Jews, one piece after another, relentlessly. That is the polemical aspect of the book, important now, but not necessarily as important in time to come, as the main outline of the history of Ethiopian Jews becomes better understood.
Briefly put, Kaplan shows that Ethiopian Jews are unlikely to have come to Ethiopia from some other place. They are not likely to be some lost tribe of the original children of Israel, for example. He shows the deep Ethiopian roots of these "Beta Israel," which they share with Ethiopian Christians. The latter are more Jewish, and the former more Christian, than the Jews and Christians of Europe. Furthermore, it seems most likely that these Ethiopian Jews, though in some sense continuing earlier Ethiopian Judaism, arose as a group, more or less gradually, only between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries.
The sources that Kaplan describes are early reports by travelers on the one hand, and the Ethiopian writings in the Ge'ez (and later Amharic) languages on the other. He also utilizes the oral traditions of today's Beta Israel. In the main, other scholars have confirmed Kaplan's main conclusions, particularly James Quirin and Kay Kaufman Shelemay.
Kaplan's last three chapters, including the concluding one, are particularly fascinating. They tell the story of the Beta Israel's growing Jewish self-identification and indeed Zionism during the last two hundred years of their history, much of it in response to both European Christian and European Jewish contacts. The earlier five chapters, covering a period of about a millennium, is more hurried and, to this reader, sometimes confusing in its plethora of names and dates.
Kaplan is not interested in a history of ideas, not even religious ideas. Certain groups are introduced as "Judaized" or even Jews, but it is not always clear how their religious ideas differed from those whom he calls Christian. We can suspect, but often it is only a suspicion, that the Jews did not accept Jesus as god while the Christians did. Rarely does this become explicit in the book. Moreover, we are told that the Beta Israel's Torah is called orit, and that, like other Beta Israel literature, it seems to have come from Ethiopian Christian sources after some changes were made. We are not told quite what these changes were. It would have helped to define Jewish-Christian differences, in the realm of religious ideas, more sharply.
Notwithstanding these reservations, I see this book as of very fundamental importance. It is one of those works that have changed the thinking of a generation. We owe the author a very profound gratitude.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
remembering Pirandello
By Bob Newman
Luigi Pirandello, the Nobel Prize winning playwright and author, produced a play called, in English, "It's So If You Think It Is So". While this observation may seem far-fetched while reviewing a book about the Beta Israel of Ethiopia, I think the ultimate status of the Jews (or not-so- much-Jews) of that country bears some relationship to the title. Like the author, I don't want to get involved in the fairly useless question of whether or not the Beta Israel are bona fide Jews but merely point back to Pirandello's title.
I found this a most fascinating book and strongly recommend it to all those who are interested in 1) Jewish history, 2) Ethiopian history and 3) the process of religious formation over time. The legend of descent from Solomon and Sheba, or another legend of a 'lost tribe that wandered all the way to the highlands of the Horn of Africa' are here debunked. Kaplan tries to stick to the facts as we know them so far. Though there were Judaized elements of the population during the Aksum period (300-800 AD), when contacts with Jewish groups in South Arabia were common, there was no real tradition of Judaism. Groups of outsiders in the remoter parts of the highlands were called ayhud and these people adhered closely to some Old Testament traditions. However, the Christian Ethiopians were not far away from these traditions either. From the 1300s on, there is more information about the Beta Israel. They had powerful rulers, fought and traded with other groups in the Ethiopian culture area, and adopted many customs not found elsewhere in the Jewish world---monasticism, animal sacrifice, and purification rituals being three main ones. Were they Jews or only Judaized Ethiopian Orthodox ? That's the question I avoid. Kaplan follows the Beta Israel through their difficult history, up to the early 20th century. The people called themselves Jews (or rather, Israelites) and were called so by others. When Western Protestant missionaries found them in the 19th century, they induced considerable cultural confusion among the Beta Israel by denying that they were really Jewish. At the same time there were a few, first weak links with mainstream Jewry in Europe. Wars, loss of land rights, and finally a great famine brought the Beta Israel to a new low by 1900. One Faitlovitch tried to interest world Jewry in the plight of the Beta Israel and created a myth of their utter difference from the "primitive Africans" around them, leading to a campaign to save them. If we look at the whole story in terms of Christian vs Jew or a tussle between two religions, we miss, says Kaplan, the whole point of Beta Israel history, which must be seen as a part of Ethiopian history in which wars strictly between religions seldom loomed large, in which syncretism played a role, in which the Beta Israel lived always as a part--albeit often a low ranking part--of the society.
Though I was surprised at the number of typos in my edition, I can't say anything else negative about this most interesting book. Well-written, clear, well-organized. This has got to be THE book on the Beta Israel.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Four Stars
By john h. lindley
very good
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